NVKC-Biologists could be registered clinical chemists in the Netherlands

NVKC-Biologists could be registered clinical chemists in the Netherlands

Netherlands Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

http://www.nvkc.nl/english/training.php

To become a registered clinical chemist in the Netherlands, candidates need a masters degree (the Dutch 'doctoraal diploma') in (bio-)chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine or health sciences, followed by at least 2 years postdoc research experience in a field related to clinical chemistry, which may include a phd-thesis.

Most entry-level medical lab technologist jobs require a bachelor's degree in one of the life sciences in USA

Medical Lab Technology Degrees and Schools

http://www.braintrack.com/colleges-by-career/medical-lab-technologists

Most entry-level medical lab technologist jobs require a bachelor's degree

-in one of the life sciences or
-in medical technology

Some states require registration or licensure, and usually stipulate that applicants be graduates of an accredited program and pass an exam. Most employers prefer medical lab technologists who have a bachelor's from an accredited program and are certified through professional associations such as: Board of Registry of the American Association of Bioanalysts , American Medical Technologists.

http://www.aab.org/

American Association of Bioanalysts

A national professional association whose members are
-clinical laboratory directors/owners
-supervisors
-managers
-medical technologists MT
-medical laboratory technicians MLT
-physician office laboratory technicians POLT
-phlebotomists. PBT

AAB also has three specialized membership sections for laboratory professionals:
-the College of Reproductive Biology (CRB)
- the Environmental Biology and Public Health Section (EBPH)
-the National Independent Laboratory Association (NILA).

http://www.aab.org/gen%20regs.pdf

Applicants for certification as MT(AAB), MLT(AAB), POLT(AAB), and PBT(AAB) are subject to successful completion of the appropriate AAB Board of Registry examination(s).


http://www.amt1.com/page.asp?i=157

American Medical Technologists

Medical Technologists

Education and Training

Medical Technologists generally require a bachelor’s degree

-in Medical Technology or
-in one of the life sciences


http://www.amt1.com/page.asp?i=168

Applicant shall meet one of the following requirements:

A. Graduated from an accredited medical technology program with a bachelor's degree in medical technology, or
B. Graduated from an accredited college or university with a bachelor's degree, with a major in one of the biological or chemical sciences.

Medical Laboratory Technicians

http://www.amt1.com/page.asp?i=158

Medical Laboratory Technicians perform less complex tests and laboratory procedures than Medical Technologists.

Education and Training

Medical Laboratory Technicians generally have either an associate degree from a community or junior college or a certificate from a hospital, a vocational or technical school, or the Armed Forces. A few technicians learn their skills on the job.

Advancement: Technicians can advance and become technologists through additional education and experience.

The profession of Medical Laboratory Technologist in Norway-Norwegian Registration Authority for Health Personnel (SAFH)

http://www.safh.no/english/index.html

The profession of Medical Laboratory Technologist in Norway-Norwegian Registration Authority for Health Personnel (SAFH)

Medical Laboratory Technologist

Conditions of authorisation


Authorisation: Authorisation is granted to applicants who have successfully completed their medical laboratory technologists education. The conditions for authorisation are stated in Health Personnel Act, section 48 and Transitional Regulations for the Authorisation of Auxiliary Nurses and Medical Laboratory Technologists (not currently available in English).

The American Board of Bioanalysis

http://www.aab.org/abb%20about.htm

About The American Board of Bioanalysis (ABB)

The American Board of Bioanalysis (ABB) evaluates, through the certification process, individuals who wish to enter, continue or advance in the clinical laboratory profession. ABB identifies, on a non discriminatory basis, individuals who meet ABB’s requirements for clinical laboratory directors, consultants, and supervisors. ABB certification is based on an individual’s education, experience, and knowledge of the laboratory field in which certification is granted.

http://www.aab.org/bcld.htm

Certification Standards for Bioanalyst Clinical Laboratory Director (BCLD)

To be eligible for certification as a Bioanalyst Clinical Laboratory Director (BCLD), an applicant must fulfill the following requirements:

An earned doctoral degree* from an accredited institution (see rule 10 under General Regulations) with a chemical, physical or biological science as the major subject and have successfully completed 32 semester hours (minimum) in chemistry or the biological sciences acceptable to the Board.
AND
Have four years of documented pertinent experience on human specimens in an acceptable clinical laboratory gained at the minimum level of medical technologist. This experience must include:
a. A minimum of two years of experience on human specimens directing or supervising high complexity testing;
AND
b. A minimum of four years of experience on human specimens in at least three of the following clinical laboratory disciplines: Chemistry, Microbiology, Hematology or Diagnostic Immunology. This experience may be obtained concurrently;
AND
Pass an ABB examination in General Knowledge and in at least three of the clinical laboratory disciplines mentioned in 2.b. above.

Biologists could be Directors of Clinical Laboratories in USA.

School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge

School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge

http://www.bio.cam.ac.uk/dept.html

The School includes the Faculty of Biology, which contains eight departments


· Department of Biochemistry
· Department of Experimental Psychology
· Department of Genetics
· Department of Pathology
· Department of Pharmacology
· Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience
· Department of Plant Sciences
· Department of Veterinary Medicine
· Department of Zoology
· Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute
· Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research,

and the Faculty of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, which is a single department.

The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute is an inter-departmental institute within the School. The Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research is another.

Association of Clinical Laboratory Directors, Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Scientists in Cyprus

http://www.cyprusassociation.org/od/en/home/

The Association of Clinical Laboratory Directors, Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Scientists (ACLDBCLS) was founded in 1986 and represents the majority of Clinical Laboratories, the Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Scientists that live and work in the island of Cyprus. It is the only one officially recognized by the Government for the practice of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine in Cyprus.

Chairman of the Association (since 2006) : Charis Charilaou
Degree in Biology, Aristotelion University of Salonica, Greece

European Specialist in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EurClinChem)

Post Certificate of Proficiency in medical technology, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
''Ms of science in medical technology - specialized in clinical, microbiology and lab supervision'', Tremple University ΗΠΑ

Biologists could be Directors/Owners of private Biomedical/Clinical Laboratories and members of ACLDBCLS in Cyprus.

Human pathobiology

Human pathobiology

http://www.studiegids.sci.kun.nl/2008/fmw/prospectus/biomed_ma/courses/course/14700/

Human Pathobiology systemically investigates the biological mechanisms underlying human disease. Human Pathobiology wants to elucidate which biological mechanisms (aetiology and pathogenesis) are implicated in human disease processes with the goal to develop new rational therapies based on these biological disease mechanism. The goal of Human Pathobiology is to develop the "Medicines of the Future". These "medicines" can be on the level of prevention, treatment and repair.
......

A pathobiologist wants to solve a medical problem by applying a primary scientific approach and methodology to this problem. This implies that a pathobiologists has to have affinity to both fundamental biological knowledge and laboratory technology and skills.

Pathobiology

Pathobiology-an interesting scientific journal by Karger

http://www.online.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=JournalGuidelines&ProduktNr=224272


Pathobiology offers a valuable forum for high quality original research into the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying human disease. Aiming to serve as a bridge between basic biomedical research and clinical medicine, the journal welcomes articles from scientific areas such as pathology, oncology, anatomy, virology, internal medicine, surgery, cell and molecular biology, and immunology.

IS CLINICAL BIOLOGY MORE IMPORTANT OR DIFFICULT THAN DENTISTRY?

http://www.ifcc.org/index.asp?cat=Publications&scat=eNewsletter&suba=September/October_2006&subx=IS_CLINICAL_BIOLOGY_MORE_IMPORTANT_OR_DIFFICULT_THAN_DENTISTRY_&zip=1&dove=1&zona=full&numero=&aq=1

Contributed by Xavier Fuentes-Arderiu, Member IFCC News Working Group and President of the Catalan Association of Clinical Laboratory Sciences.

The European Communities of Clinical Chemistry (EC4) states that the training to be a specialist in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine must involve at least 4 years dedicated post-graduate study, following a comprehensive and appropriate university education of at least 5 years in biochemistry, biology, chemistry, medicine or pharmacy (1).

Looking to another university health professions, in the case of dentistry the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union states that the basic training to be dental practitioner shall comprise a total of at least five years of full-time theoretical and practical study given in a university or under the supervision of a university (2).

The paragraphs above suggest that clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine is more important (or difficult) than dentistry. I wonder who of us − the university professionals of clinical laboratory − really thinks that our work is more difficult or more important that the work of a dentist?

In my opinion, dentistry is a good example of a well-designed university degree within the health sciences and, regarding duration, it might be taken as model for the training in clinical biology.

The above short digression is just a preamble to the following comment about the current EC4 recommendation on educational standards required to enter the professional field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine in the European Union.

In order to avoid misunderstandings, I will define the two disciplines corresponding to the two professional activities I am going to comment:

clinical biology: branch of health sciences that is concerned with the in vitro examination of biological properties of materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment of disease in, or the assessment of the health of, human beings, by means of chemical or biological techniques (3)

NOTE 1: The term clinical biology is used in this text because it is the "stateless" English designation given in the Council Directive 93/16/EEC (4) for this discipline and speciality.

NOTE 2: The literal translation to English of the official designation of this speciality in the different European Union countries having it is (4): clinical analyses (Spain), clinical biology (Belgium and Luxembourg), clinical pathology (Italy and Portugal), diagnostic laboratory (Poland), laboratory medicine (Estonia and Lithuania), medical biology (Austria and France), and medical laboratory diagnostics (Hungary).

NOTE 3: Clinical biology is called clinical laboratory science(s) in many universities and scientific publications, especially in, but not restricted to, the United States of America (5).
biological chemistry: branch of clinical biology that is concerned with the in vitro examination of chemical and biochemical properties of materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, treatment of disease in, or the assessment of the health of human beings, by means of chemical or biological techniques

NOTE 1: The term biological chemistry is used in this text because it is the "stateless" English designation given in the Council Directive 93/16/EEC (4) for this discipline and speciality, although the term clinical chemistry is worldwide used.

NOTE 2: The literal translation to English of the official designation of the medical speciality in the different European Union countries having it is (4): biological chemistry (Luxembourg), clinical chemistry (Finland, Netherlands and Sweden), chemical pathology (Ireland, Malta and United Kingdom), clinical biochemistry (Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Slovakia and Spain), medical biochemistry (Slovenia) and medical and chemical diagnostic laboratory (Austria).

Also it is advisable to define the generic job I will write about:

professional [of clinical laboratory]: person working in a clinical laboratory and who have legal capacity for sign out clinical laboratory reports and who is eligible to act as director of a clinical laboratory

NOTE 1: "Professional" is the generic name used in the standard for accreditation ISO 15189:2003 (6). This term is applicable as much for the generalist (polyvalent) professionals dealing with any type of clinical laboratory examination as for the specialised ones (clinical biochemist, clinical microbiologist, etc.).

NOTE 2: Depending on the country, the generalist (polyvalent) professional has different names: clinical analyst, clinical biologist, clinical laboratory scientist, clinical pathologist, etc.

.....

I do not doubt that the postgraduate system of education is good for medical and surgical specialities, but I am convinced that it is not the most appropriate system of education for the field of clinical biology and related disciplines. Thus, I conclude that clinical biology should be an independent university degree at the same academic level as biology, chemistry, dentistry, medicine or pharmacy, and biological chemistry (clinical biochemistry) should be a PhD degree awarded after the degree in clinical biology.

As clinical biology is simultaneously a branch of biology, chemistry, medicine and pharmacy, in order to avoid discriminations and other conflicts, it is better to classify it as a branch of health sciences rather than a branch of medicine.

Where you can go with Biology-Healthcare and Biomedicine-Institute of Biology UK

Where you can go with Biology-Healthcare and Biomedicine

Institute of Biology UK

Clinical and Biomedical Science

http://www.iob.org/general.asp?section=education_careers/education_iob/careers&article=whereyoucangowithbiology.xml

There are many opportunities for biologists to work in the healthcare sector thatdo not require a medical, dental or nursing qualification. Clinical scientists work, for example, in pathology laboratories (which include biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, genetics and many others), and can becomes equivalent to medical consultants and become heads of departments

What can a biology graduate do in UK?

What can a biology graduate do ? The Guardian Wednesday 19 December 2007

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/dec/19/1
Debbie Andalo
The Guardian, Wednesday 19 December 2007


Robert, 28, gained a biology degree this year and is interested in becoming an NHS healthcare scientist, having heard that there is a national shortage.

1 Robert has until February 15 to apply for one of the 184 places on the next NHS clinical scientist graduate training scheme. He would be employed by a hospital trust and can expect to earn £23,458 to £31,779 while completing specialist professional post-graduate training. He could apply to become a trainee clinical microbiologist, working in a diagnostic laboratory or pathology department. The Health Protection Agency is a major employer. After training and professional registration, he could earn from £28,313 to £37,326.
2 If Robert is interested in diseases of the arteries or veins, such as stroke or deep vein thrombosis, he could become an NHS trainee vascular technologist, using ultrasound and other non-invasive techniques to check the blood flow and anatomy of patients. During training he would earn £23,458 to £31,779. Consultants at the top of the profession can earn £75,114.
3 Part of Robert's biology degree involved the study of genetics, so he could, through the national clinical scientist graduate programme, train to become a clinical molecular geneticist, examining DNA cells to identify genetic abnormalities. After training he could expect to earn at least £28,313 rising to £37,326.
4 Another option for Robert is to apply to train as a clinical immunologist, carrying out investigations and research into the immune system to help in the treatment of diseases such as HIV/Aids and allergies. If he was accepted on to the graduate training programme, he would work in an NHS regional immunology laboratory and, after completing his training, could expect to earn between £28,313 and £37,326.
5 If Robert has an interest in the central nervous system and is looking for a role that would bring him into close contact with patients, he might consider becoming a clinical physiologist (neurophysiology). He would carry out investigations on patients with diseases of the central nervous system, such as stroke and dementia. After training he would initially earn between £19,683 to £25,424. If he became a manager his salary rises to more than £52,000.

Subdisciplines of biology

Anatomy — Biochemistry — Bioinformatics — Biomechanics — Bionomics — Biophysics — Biotechnology — Cell biology — Entomology — Evolution — Genetics — Gerontology — Histology — Immunology — Microbiology — Molecular biology — Mycology — Neurobiology — Parasitology — Photobiology — Physiology — Biological psychology– Radiobiology — Sociobiology — Structural biology — Virology etc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_basic_biology_topics)

Clinical Biology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pathology

Clinical pathology, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_Biologist

A Clinical biologist is an health professional, doctor in medicine or pharmacy specialized in clinical biology, a speciality near from Clinical Pathology. In fact, the subspecializations in clinical biology are more important than in the clinical pathology, the concept including interventional biology like assisted reproductive technology.
This term is frequently used in France, Belgium and other countries in Western Europe, Africa or Asia.